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Appendix 2

Dishes in the Chikal area.

M1. Tuwo(cereal paste)

Grind millet (alternatively sorghum, maize, peas, rice) to remove the husk. If necessary rinse in water. Grind again to get small pieces and flour. Put the small pieces in a kettle with boiling water and let boil for an hour (until well done). Add the flour and boil for an additional half hour.

M2. Miya (sauce)

Put water and daudawa in a kettle, heat and pour the liquid in a bowl. Put the kettle back on the fire and pour in some oil. Chop the onion and put in the oil, add meat (if available), it is also possible to add (kubewa). Sizzle until ready. add tomato paste (or grind dried tomatoes), boil for three minutes, add the spices (yaji, citta, dianmiya, tonka, gabu, kuli-kili, gishiri, maji) and the water with daudawa. Boil for 45 minutes. Grind miyan kuka, miyan kubewa, faku, yodo or sure (sure with gari (made of rogo) and only if nothing else is at hand). Put the grind leaves in the kettle and boil again.

M3. Fura (millet gruel)

Grind millet (or sorghum) and remove the husks. Put in water for 10--15 minutes, rinse and put again in the mortar. Grind to a flour. Make small balls (6--7 balls of 10 cm diameter, they are called dawo and can be saved until the next day). Put the balls in boiling water and let boil for almost an hour. put the balls in the mortar and crush them, add water and mix (spices can now be added). Make three big balls. Put one of the balls in a calabash, if wanted add spices if not already done, add sour cows milk and water and stir.

M4. Koko (millet soup)

Made of millet or sorghum flour and water with spices.

M5. Sagai (steam cooked leaves)

Leaves that can be used are harawa, sure, bagai, tafasa, kawshyi, zogala gandi or lanje. Put the leaves on a mat, rinse them and collect the hard parts. Put the leaves in a calabash with water for an hour. Grind millet (or sorghum). Pick up the leaves from the water and mix with the millet flour so they become dry. Mix with komwa (except for lanje and tafasa). Use a calabash with many small holes and put the mixture in the calabash. Put a kettle with water on the fire and put the calabash on the kettle. Seal the slit between the kettle and the calabash with wetted husks. Put a lid on the calabash and lighten the fire. When steam rises from the calabash the dish is ready (steam cooked). put the content of the calabash in a big bowl. Add oil and spices (gishiri, gabu, tonka, maji). Soumbala is never added. To neutralise the bitter taste of sure, straw is burnt and the sure is washed in water together with the ash from the straw.

M6. Saga-saga (steam cooked cereal flour)

Millet, sorghum or maize flour is steam cooked.

M7. kwaras-kwaras (cooked cowpeas)

Boil water and put in the cowpeas. Boil for at least two hours. Add spices (salt, pepper, onion leaves, oil) and let boil again.

M8. Liblaye (boiled cowpeas without husks)

Put the cowpeas in water for 10--15 minutes. Remove the husks from the peas. Then continue as for kwaras-kwaras.

M9. Galbi (soup)

Soup made of millet or sorghum flour.

M10. Galbi guna (melon soup)

Soup made of melon (guna).

M11. Suren guna (melon dish)

Melon and millet flour that has been boiled.

M12. Shakku (boiled grains of millet or sorghum)

Grind tumo or dawa to remove the husks. Pick out the good grains and avoid the sand. Put a kettle with water on the fire, wash the grains and put them in the kettle (with hot or cold water). Add some komwa, put the fire on. Boil for 1,5 to 2 hours (dawa 2,5 to 2,75 hours).

Add spices (gishiri, mai, gabu, maji, if wanted kuli-kili).

M13. Beruwa (regenerated peas)

Put yodo and straw of millet in a bowl of water. Rinse the peas and remove the husks. Put the peas in the mortar and grind. Remove some of the crushed peas, and grind the rest to a flour. Put the crushed peas in a calabash and add the yodo-water. Move around the pieces of peas with the palm of the hand and add the flour in the meantime. Continue to add water and flour as you move around the pieces with the palm of the hand. When the small balls are ready, steam cook them for 15 minutes. Dry the balls. They can be saved for several months. Is to be boiled before eating.

M14. Shinkafa (rice)

Boil water in a kettle, 12 litres per kilogram of rice, and when the water boils add rice (rinsed) and salt. Put on a lid and boil vigorously for 10 minutes, then let the kettle stay on the coal for another 15 minutes (Shinkafa da wake = rice and cowpeas)

M15. Duaya (yam)

M16. Kalbata (bran soup)

Bran from hatsi, spices and water boiled together.

M17. Kodo (melon)

Cooked guna (possibly with meat).

M18. Gabda (balls of cowpeas)

Put the peas in water. Remove the husk on the peas and dry them. Grind to a flour. Take dried leaves from gwadda or yodo, grind and mix with the flour. Or take fresh yodo and put it in water for 10--15 minutes. Boil a lot of water. Put in small balls made either of flour with dried leaves and water, or of flour and yodo-water. Boil for more than an hour.

Make a spices mixture of grind kuli-kili, pepper and gabu.

M19. Muyi-muyi (cowpeas paste)

Grind cowpeas to a flour. mix with water and put in small calabashes. Take a big kettle, pour in water and then put in millet straw and on these a piece of an old mat. Put the small calabashes on the mat, put on a lid, make it boil and boil for 3--4 hours.

M20. kosai (doughnuts of cowpeas)

Put the peas in water and then remove the husks. Let dry and make into a flour. Mix with water and yodo-water. Heat 1--1,5 litre of oil and fry the balls from the dough for 5 minutes. Serve with kuli-kili, salt and pepper mixed.

M21. Fari (doughnuts of wheat)

M22. Masa (pancakes of millet of sorghum flour)

M23. Lubbatu (bambara groundnut)

Cooked gudjya (see app 3, B11).

M24. Akuri (fruit cakes)

Dried fruits of magarya (see app 3, C11) made into flour and cooked as hard pancakes.

M25. Tazolaki (mashed cowpeas)

"Mash" of flour from wake.

M26. Dankeda (mashed millet and cowpeas)

"Mash" of hatsi and wake.

M27. Romo (soup with meat)

M28. Tumo (fried millet)


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